Inventors:
Nicolay Kovarsky - Sunnyvale CA, US
Aron Rosenfeld - Palo Alto CA, US
Michael Yang - Palo Alto CA, US
Ivan Rodriguez - San Jose CA, US
International Classification:
C25F 3/04
C25F 7/00
Abstract:
The present invention generally includes deposition and electropolishing methods and an apparatus comprising an electroplating cell and auxiliary cell. In one embodiment for electropolishing a substrate, a cycle is performed in which the substrate is alternately placed in an anolyte solution to remove material and a catholyte solution to deposit material. As the cycle is repeated successively, an exposed layer disposed on the substrate is planarized. In another embodiment, an auxiliary cell may be used to deposit the ultrathin seed layer prior to electroplating.